Immunotherapy increases chances of survival in head, neck cancer patients

New Delhi: An immunotherapy drug has been hailed as a potential 'game changer' after being found to greatly improve survival for patients with relapsed head and neck cancer.

Nivolumab became the first treatment to extend survival in a phase III clinical trial for patients with head and neck cancer in whom chemotherapy had failed and it did so with fewer side-effects than existing therapeutic options, says a new research.

More than double the number of patients taking nivolumab were alive after one year as those treated with chemotherapy.
There are currently no other treatment options that improve the survival of patients with cisplatin-resistant relapsed or metastatic head and neck cancers.

This group of patients is expected to live less than six months. The trial was led in the UK by Professor Kevin Harrington and involved 20 research organisations from around the world. Static head and neck cancer were allocated to receive nivolumab and 121 to one of three different chemotherapies.

UK patients received the chemotherapy drug docetaxel, which is the only treatment approved for advanced head and neck cancer by NICE. After one year of the study, 36 percent of patients treated with nivolumab were still alive compared with 17 percent for the comparator arm.

Median survival for patients on nivolumab was 7.5 months, compared with 5.1 months for chemotherapy. The survival benefit was more pronounced in patients whose tumours had tested positive for human papillomavirus (HPV). These patients survived an average of 9.1 months with nivolumab and 4.4 months with chemotherapy.

HPV-negative patients survived an average of 7.5 months with nivolumab and 5.8 with chemotherapy. Importantly, fewer patients experienced serious side-effects from taking nivolumab than with conventional treatment, only 13 percent compared with 35 percent of patients, who received chemotherapy.

Patients given chemotherapy reported feeling physically, socially and emotionally worse off, whereas those who were given nivolumab remained stable during the course of treatment. Harrington said: "Nivolumab could be a real game-changer for patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

This trial found that it can greatly extend life among a group of patients who have no existing treatment options, without worsening quality of life."

"Once it has relapsed or spread, head and neck cancer is extremely difficult to treat. So it's great news that these results indicate we now have a new treatment that can significantly extend life, and I'm keen to see it enter the clinic as soon as possible," he added.

The research has been published in New England Journal of Medicine.