Understand masculinity: Prevent violence against women

Washington: Understanding the positive aspects of masculinity helps to improve boys' attitude towards violence against women they are in a relationship with, researchers suggest.

As part of a recent study, a program aimed at reducing violence against women and girls by focusing on positive expressions of masculinity changed the attitudes of middle school boys who may have been prone to harassment and dating violence as they got older.

The findings, published in Children and Youth Services Review, suggest the pilot program, "Reducing Sexism and Violence Program - Middle School Program (RSVP-MSP)," improved attitudes related to the use of coercion and violence in relationships. It also found that the program, geared towards middle school boys, changed beliefs that violence, including harassment and sexual and dating violence, was acceptable.

"Most research on sexual and dating violence has focused on high school and college students - but research shows these forms of violence are also prevalent among middle school students," said Victoria Banyard lead author, and professor at Rutgers University of New Brunswick's School of Social Work, USA.

Findings of the study were published in the Journal Children and Youth Services Review. Banyard noted that despite nationwide concerns about the rate of violence among middle school youth, there have been few rigorously evaluated sexual and dating violence prevention initiatives for boys in this age range, particularly initiatives that emphasize the promotion of healthy masculinity.

The program, developed by the non-profit Maine Boys to Men, taught 292 sixths through eighth-grade boys across four schools in weekly classroom-based workshops over four months. Banyard suggested that future research combine classroom workshops on masculinity with broader school-level violence prevention strategies.

It includes four, one-hour sessions that explore the normalisation, pervasiveness, and harmful nature of gender role assumptions. The boys involved in the program learn about empathy, healthy relationships, gender-based violence and receive bystander intervention training through physical activity, peer-to-peer dialogue, storytelling, role play, multimedia and group discussions.

"By focusing on positive expressions of masculinity, such as the ability to be respectful in relationships, this program helps boys find positive ways to prevent violence and to cope with violence to which they may already have been exposed," Banyard said.