Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries. It is a prevalent health issue worldwide and affects people of all age groups. However, recent studies[1] have shown an alarming increase in the prevalence of hypertension among young adults globally. Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high, putting strain on the cardiovascular system.
Factors contributing to the development of hypertension:
Sedentary Lifestyle: The rise in sedentary behaviour, primarily due to increased screen time and a decline in physical activity, has led to weight gain and a higher incidence of hypertension in young adults.
Poor Dietary Habits: Consuming a diet rich in processed foods, excessive sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars can contribute to the development of hypertension.
Stress and Mental Health: The demanding nature of modern life, coupled with high stress levels, has been linked to increased blood pressure. Chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance and lead to hypertension.
Obesity and Body Mass Index (BMI): The prevalence of obesity among young adults has soared in recent years. Excess body weight, especially visceral fat, increases the risk of hypertension.
Additionally, there may be genetic and environmental factors at play as well. Individuals with a family history of high blood pressure are more likely to develop the condition themselves. Certain medical conditions such as kidney disease or sleep apnea can contribute to the development of hypertension. Lastly, environmental factors such as pollution and exposure to toxins can also increase the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
Growing numbers
Its prevalence in young adults has been a topic of concern for many years. Historically, hypertension was considered a disease that primarily affected older adults. However, over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension among young adults. In the early 1990s, it was estimated to be around 4-5%.However, by the early 2000s, this number had increased to approximately 10-12%.[2]The lack of awareness about hypertension symptoms and preventive measures may contribute to its increasing prevalence in this age group. Regular blood pressure checks are essential for early detection of hypertension.
It is crucial for young adults with hypertension to manage their blood pressure levels through lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet or medication as prescribed by their doctor to minimize the risk of serious health complications later in life.
In conclusion, the recent increase in hypertension cases among young adults is a concerning trend that requires immediate attention. Future directions for addressing this rise in hypertension should focus on prevention and early detection. Prioritizing screening and monitoring blood pressure levels in young adults during routine visits will go a long way in catching the symptoms early.
Additionally, efforts to improve access to affordable healthy food options and promote physical activity through community initiatives could be beneficial. Finally, research into the underlying causes of hypertension in young adults is necessary to develop effective interventions that can prevent or treat this condition before it leads to serious health complications later in life.
By Dr A Sreenivas Kumar (M.D., D.M., FACC) - Director Cardiology & Clinical Research, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
