Understanding early signs and symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

As men age, it is not uncommon for them to face difficulties with urination. Many find themselves experiencing disruptions in their sleep due to nighttime bathroom trips. These signs could be indicative of a condition known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Understanding the early signs and symptoms of BPH is crucial, as its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In India, approximately 50% of men over the age of 60 are affected by BPH.  

In BPH, one may experience prostate gland enlargement. The prostate gland's enlargement can exert pressure on the urethra, resulting in a range of urinary issues. While the exact cause of BPH is still unknown; one of the primary factors is the hormonal changes that occur with age, particularly an increase in levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone. Another factor is the influence of genetic factors. Family history and genetics may predispose an individual to develop BPH. If a man has a close relative, such as a father or brother, with BPH, his chances of developing the condition may be higher.

Additionally, certain lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet may increase the risk of BPH. Men with diabetes and obesity have a higher risk of developing BPH, suggesting a potential association between these conditions and prostate gland issues.

Recognizing the early signs and symptoms of BPH is crucial for timely intervention and management. Here are some common signs to watch out for:

â-    Difficulty initiating urination: Men may experience trouble starting the flow of urine. They may need to strain or push to begin urination
â-    Incomplete bladder emptying: A feeling that the bladder has not fully emptied after urination is a common symptom of BPH. This can lead to frequent urination as the bladder does not feel completely relieved
â-    Weak urine stream: Men with BPH often notice a weakened or diminished force in their urine stream. The flow may be slower and less robust than before
â-    Urgency to urinate: There may be a sudden and compelling need to urinate, even when the bladder is not full. This can cause discomfort and a frequent urge to use the restroom
â-    Nocturia: Waking up multiple times during the night to urinate, a condition known as nocturia, is another common symptom of BPH. This disrupts sleep patterns and can lead to fatigue and daytime sleepiness

If left untreated, severe cases of BPH can result in complications affecting the kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms. To diagnose BPH, healthcare professionals may employ various techniques, such as the following:

â-    International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS): A questionnaire that assesses the severity of urinary symptoms. It helps evaluate the impact of BPH on daily life
â-    Uroflowmetry: This test measures the rate and volume of urine flow. It can provide information about the strength of the urinary stream and the efficiency of bladder emptying
â-    Ultrasound examination of the prostate: An ultrasound scan of the prostate helps evaluate the size of the gland and identify any abnormalities. It can provide valuable insights into the extent of prostate enlargement
â-    Rectal examination: A medical procedure where a healthcare provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to assess the size and condition of the prostate gland
â-    Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test: A blood test that measures the levels of a protein called prostate-specific antigen. Elevated levels may suggest prostate issues, including BPH

These diagnostic methods help healthcare providers confirm or exclude a diagnosis of BPH and rule out other prostate conditions.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional as one may experience any of the signs and symptoms as above. This will help doctors evaluate symptoms, perform necessary tests, and provide appropriate guidance and treatment options to help alleviate the impact of BPH in one’s daily life.

The article is authored by Dr. Arjun Reddy, Interventional Radiologist, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad