TIFR Devises Energy-Efficient, Sustainable Method for Chemical Separation

Hyderabad: Chemical separation technologies are crucial for building sustainable industrial processes and are increasingly seeing innovative advancements. Some technologies aim at simplifying the process of chemical separation while reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. A team at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad, led by Ritesh Haldar, has developed a novel approach to enhance the separation of chemical isomers—molecules with the same composition but differing structures and properties.

Isomer separation is critical across various industries--particularly in pharmaceuticals and bulk chemical manufacturing--yet remains a significant challenge due to the molecules' similar chemical and physical properties. Conventional methods often require substantial energy or rely on complex chemical reactions. The TIFR team’s method boasts of a more efficient and versatile solution. The study was published in Nature Communications recently.

The researchers used a material known as a metal-organic framework (MOF), characterised by its nanoporous structure. This material functions as a "molecular sieve," selectively separating isomers based on their slightly different sizes—often just a few angstroms (1 angstrom = one-tenth of a nanometer). By controlling molecular diffusion within the MOF's narrow pores, the team demonstrated a great amount of precision in separating isomers.

Explaining the significance of the separation process they have devised, Ritesh said, "Separation can be done using two fundamental processes. One is adsorption and the other is filtration. Adsorption-based process requires great amounts of energy. Our work talks about a diffusion process (filtration) where this energy input is very low. Secondly, we have proved the concept. Now the applicability is in sectors like pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals and separating chiral molecules (that are key for drug synthesis). It can also enhance industrial gas separation processes, such as isolating gaseous hydrocarbons. Beyond isomer separation, the principles of this research could extend to catalysis, opening new avenues for efficient chemical reactions," he added.

The breakthrough also introduces a reversible selectivity mechanism. For example, given two isomers, A and B, the system can be chemically modified to either isolate A or B as needed. "Unlike traditional heating-based separation processes, this method relies on diffusion, requiring minimal energy input and reducing carbon emissions," said Ritesh Haldar.

While the current study focuses on concept validation, Dr. Haldar’s team is developing real-time membranes to demonstrate these processes in practical applications. Collaborations with the industry are anticipated as the team extends the concept to catalysis, for which they are in the process of patent filing.